A. Rocket Propelled Grenade (RPG), Anti-Tank and Similar Missiles
Much has been written about the simple, deadly effectiveness of the cheap, portable “first generation” rocket-propelled grenade weapon, such as the Soviet/Russian-made RPG-7. Such weapons have been the bane of modern fighting forces because of their proliferation: over 40 nations possess them, and manufacturers include Bulgaria, China, Iran, Iraq, Romania and Pakistan. In addition to sheer numbers – as of 2002, it is estimated that at least 9 million RPG-7s had been produced from all sources – these weapons are attractive for armies as well as guerrilla fighters because of their
portability, ease and reliability of use (equivalent to the long track record of the Russian AK-47 assault rifle). In addition, when properly deployed, these weapons can destroy anything from lightly armored vehicles, such as humvees, to heavily armored battle tanks and armored personnel carriers.
Domestic U.S. availability is unknown, but based on the wide availability of first generation RPG-7s around the world and the ease with which such rockets can be cheaply purchased and concealed, it must be assumed that it would not be any more difficult to smuggle such weapons into the United States than it would a MANPADS.
Including offensive precision high-energy laser weapons modeled after those currently under development by the United States for counter-missile defense.
There is little question that at some U.S. airports, it is still possible to use roads, parking lots, bicycle paths or even residential areas under and adjacent to takeoff and landing routes to get within a few hundred yards of taxiing or airborne passenger jets.
First introduced in 1962, the entire RPG-7 assembly (launcher and grenade) is cheap, small, and man-portable, weighing +/- 40 pounds. The standard model’s projectile reaches around 140 meters/sec, has an average effective range of 300-500 meters (up to 900+ meters against fixed area targets), and can penetrate 330-500mm of armor (more for recent iterations) and over a meter of reinforced concrete. An operator can fire up to 6 rounds per minute, which could result in multiple hits against a building or slow-moving vehicle – presumably including large aircraft on the ground. With skilled
operation, RPGs also may be used for standard direct horizontal fire, as ground-to-ground mortars, and ground-to-air missiles.
In addition, as with small arms fire (see below) at close range and with competent operation, low-tech RPG missiles could plausibly damage or destroy an aircraft on the ground, or airport terminals.
Although the MANPADS threat extends far beyond the boundaries of most airports, an RPG threat is particularly sensitive to airport perimeter and surveillance security measures, given the smaller (though still significant at 500-900 meters) effective range and accuracy of these rockets. Presumably, terrorists might get close enough to a perimeter fence to launch an RPG at a taxiing jet on the runway. Such a ground attack with multiple RPG warheads might be capable of destroying an airliner fully loaded with fuel on the runway or just after take-off. In addition, RPGs may soon achieve
exponential increases in destructive power. Aside from current fragmentation rounds, also under manufacture in Russia and elsewhere are incendiary RPG rounds (including the Romanian PGI 70mm warhead, with maximum velocity of 350m/sec.), which would be particularly effective against fuel-laden aircraft. Even more destructive are the handheld RPGs with “highly energetic explosive” thermobaric warheads, which are far more powerful than standard RPGs and which are now manufactured and marketed by Russia, Bulgaria, Poland, and soon possibly China.
And dwarfing all of these in terms of potential destruction are high-energy-density materials (HEDMs), which U.S. and Russian researchers expect to perfect in 10-15 years, and which possess per unit volume explosive power “somewhere between conventional explosives and [nuclear]
fissile material – without the accompanying radiation and fission products
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